3 Common Herb-Drug Interactions You Need to Know

Are you interested in exploring the wonders of natural supplements for your health, but you are still unsure whether or not these may interact badly with your current prescription medications? Worry not, we are here to help! Herbal medications and supplements are often safe and nourishing for the body, but these also contain potent biochemical ingredients that you should keep in mind, especially when you are already taking prescription medications for long-term health problems. That being said, herbal and synthetic medications may use the same pathways in the body for metabolism, binding competitively to receptors and exert their effects. This may eventually lead to too much or too little levels of the medication in the body, eventually causing it to be toxic or ineffective. 

Here is the catch: we can prevent these dangerous drug interactions from happening through learning which herb, when combined with certain prescription medications, can potentially cause more harm than good!

How Herb-Drug Interactions Happen

Compared to conventional medications, herbal medicines are rich in biologically active ingredients. When both are taken concurrently, these biological activities can change how conventional medications are being absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body, causing what we term “herb-drug interaction.”1 This phenomenon means that the effects of your prescription medications are altered because of the presence of a specific herb or herbal compound.1 In some cases, herbs can support your present health routine by boosting the conventional drug so that it is more effective or by helping reduce side effects of the drug.But, when used in excess or the wrong combination, it can cause your therapeutic regimen to fail or cause your body to experience toxic effects that put your overall health at risk. As such, taking an herb and drug with similar effects to the body at the same time can be similar to double-dosing one medication! Let’s take a look at some wonderful herbs that are common offenders in herb-drug interactions.
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Ginkgo Biloba

Ginkgo biloba is a famous herbal supplement used all over the world to nurture brain and heart health. Its anti-inflammatory, organ-protective, and antioxidative effects make it a staple in many households. Ginkgo biloba, when taken concurrently with blood thinners, such as warfarin, clopidogrel, aspirin, and even non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can increase the effects of these medications in the body and potentially cause bleeding.1 Additionally, taking ginkgo biloba and calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine, can cause dizziness and severe hot flashes.1

St. John’s Wort

St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is a natural antidepressant that has been proven effective in managing mental exhaustion. Its active ingredients nurture serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine levels in the brain. St. John’s Wort also contains anti-inflammatory properties that make it a good natural treatment for sunburns and minor wounds. However, taking St. John’s Wort together with immunosuppressants, antivirals, and anticoagulants are contraindicated because the herb can decrease the potency and effectiveness of these medications.1 Additionally, St. John’s Wort should not be used with oral contraceptives because doing so can lead to bleeding episodes in between periods, as well as failure of the pill’s contraceptive effects.1 Importantly, St. John’s Wort should not be used concurrently with other antidepressants that target serotonin because their interaction may lead to serotonin syndrome, which is a life-threatening condition causing confusion, tremors, hypertension, hallucinations, hyperactive reflexes, and coma.1

Valerian Root

Valerian Root (Valerianae radix) has been used for centuries to promote sleep and relaxation by helping to nurture the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. It can also help regulate mood through supporting serotonin and norepinephrine activities in the brain. However, the sedative effects of valerian root may be negated when taken together with caffeine, due to the latter’s powerful stimulant effects.1 Additionally, using valerian root and benzodiazepine together cause a synergistic effect in managing anxiety.1 This means combining the effects of two different drugs, creating more potency and power!
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The Naturopathic Guidance

With the variety of herbal medications and conventional drugs present in the market today, knowing which combination can be harmful to your health is very important. This is precisely why consulting with your naturopathic doctor should come first before using any herbal preparation, especially when you already have prescription medications at the bedside. Additionally, there are specific herbs that are contraindicated  for use in special populations due to their potency or adverse effects, which is why professional guidance is needed in every step of your journey to wellness.

The Naturopathic Approach

At Natural Path to Wellness, your team of naturopathic medicine advisors will help you discover the wonders of naturopathic medicine for your optimal health, whether you are at the start of your wellness journey or fighting a disease diagnosis. Through holistic and integrated treatment regimens that focus on targeting the root causes of your health issues instead of just alleviating symptoms, your naturopathic team is committed to helping your body regain and nurture its innate balance. Talk to us today!

BECOME A CLIENT

This article is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Please consult your licensed naturopathic physician or other licensed healthcare provider before making changes to your medications or supplements. 

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REFERENCES:

1. Czigle S, Nagy M, Mladěnka P, Tóth J; OEMONOM.. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions-part I. Herbal medicines of the central nervous system. PeerJ. 2023;11:e16149. Published 2023 Nov 15. doi:10.7717/peerj.16149